Kuchengeteka kwemidziyo yemumba kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kukosha kumunhu wese.Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi, marudzi ese emidziyo anogona kuputsa dunhu akagadzirwa.Zvinosanganisira midziyo yekudzivirira yekuvhiya, zvinosunga mheni, Residual Current Devices (RCD kana RCCB), over-voltage protectors.Asi munhu wese haana kujeka pamusoro pekuti ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemhando idzi dzedziviriro.Zvino isu tichataura mutsauko pakati pekuvhiya mudziviriri, mheni zvinosunga, ikozvino leakage dziviriro, over-voltage dziviriro.Ndinovimba inogona kubatsira kune wese munhu.

1. Musiyano pakati peSurge Protector uye Air Break Switch

(1).Surge Mudziviriri

Surge dziviriro mudziyo (SPD), inozivikanwawo se "mheni dziviriro" uye "mheni inosunga", ndeyekudzikamisa kuvhiya kunogadzirwa nekusimba kwechinguvana pamusoro-voltage mumaseketi emagetsi uye mitsara yekutaurirana kuitira kuchengetedza michina.Nheyo yayo yekushanda ndeyekuti kana paine pakarepo pamusoro-voltage kana kupfuura-ikozvino mumutsara, muchengeti wekuvhiya anobatidza uye oburitsa kuvhiya mumutsara muvhu nekukurumidza.

Iwo akasiyana ekudzivirira maturusi anogona kuiswa mumhando mbiri: simba rekuwedzera kudzivirira uye chiratidzo chekudzivirira chekudzivirira.
i.Mudziviriri wesimba rekuvhiya anogona kunge ari wekutanga-chikamu chekudzivirira simba rekudzivirira, kana chechipiri-chikamu chesimba chekudzivirira chekudzivirira, kana yechitatu-chikamu chekudzivirira simba rekudzivirira, kana yechina-chikamu chekudzivirira simba chidziviriro zvinoenderana nehukuru hwakasiyana hwesimba rakafanana.
ii.Signal surge vadziviriri vanogona kuiswa muzvikamu: network chiratidzo chekudzivirira vadziviriri, vhidhiyo yekuvhiya vadziviriri, yekutarisa matatu-mu-imwe ekuvhiya vadziviriri, kudzora siginecha yekuvhiya vadziviriri, antenna chiratidzo chekuvhiya vadziviriri, nezvimwe.

(2)Residual Current Device (RCB)

RCD inonzi zvakare ikozvino leakage switch uye Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB).Inonyanya kushandiswa kuchengetedza midziyo kubva pakukanganisa kwekudonha uye kuvhunduka kwemagetsi ega nenjodzi inouraya.Iyo ine yakawandisa uye ipfupi-yekudzivirira yekudzivirira mabasa uye inogona kushandiswa kuchengetedza dunhu kana mota kubva pakuremerwa uye pfupi pfupi.Inogonawo kushandiswa kushanduka kusingawanzoitiki uye kutanga kwedunhu pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu.

Kune rimwe zita reRCD, iro rinonzi "Residual Current Circuit Breaker" iro rinoona yasara ikozvino.Iyo inonyanya kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: yekuona chinhu, yepakati amplifying mechanism uye actuator.

Detection element - ichi chikamu chimwe chinhu senge zero sequence ikozvino transformer.Chinhu chikuru chindori chesimbi (coil) chakaputirwa newaya, uye waya dzisina kwazvakarerekera uye mhenyu dzinopfuura nepakati pekoiri.Inoshandiswa kutarisa ikozvino.Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, kune waya isina kwayakarerekera uye waya mhenyu mune coil.Nzira yemazuva ano mukati mematare maviri inofanira kunge yakatarisana uye hukuru huripo hwakafanana.Kazhinji huwandu hwemavekita maviri i zero.Kana paine kuvuza mudunhu, chikamu chezvino chinobuda kunze.Kana kuongororwa kukaitwa, huwandu hwevectors hauzove zero.Kana yangoona kuti huwandu hwemavheji hausi 0, chinhu chekuona chinopfuudza iyi chiratidzo kune yepakati chinongedzo.

Yepakati amplifying mechanism - iyo yepakati chinongedzo inosanganisira amplifier, comparator uye rwendo unit.Kana iyo yekudonha chiratidzo kubva kune yekuona chinhu chagamuchirwa, yepakati chinongedzo chinowedzerwa uye nekuendeswa kune actuator.

Actuating mechanism - iyi michina inoumbwa ne electromagnet uye lever.Mushure mekunge chinongedzo chepakati chasimudza chiratidzo chekudonha, iyo electromagnet inopihwa simba rekuburitsa simba remagineti, uye lever inoyamwa pasi kuti ipedze chiito chekugumburwa.

(3) Over-voltage Protector

Overvoltage protector chinhu chinodzivirira chemagetsi chinodzikamisa mheni pamusoro-voltage uye inoshanda overv-oltage.Inonyanya kushandiswa kuchengetedza kuvharwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi senge jenareta, shanduri, vacuum switch, mabara ebhazi, mota, nezvimwe kubva mukukuvadzwa kwemagetsi.

2. Kusiyana pakati peSurge Protector, RCB uye Overvoltage Protectors

(1) Musiyano pakati peSurge Protector uye RCD

i. RCD mudziyo wemagetsi unogona kubatanidza nekubvisa dunhu guru.Iine mabasa ekudzivirira kudonha (kuvhunduka kwemagetsi emunhu), kudzivirira kuwanda (kuremedza), uye kuchengetedzwa kwedunhu pfupi (pfupi dunhu);

ii.Basa rekuvhiya mudziviriri nderokudzivirira mheni.Kana paine mheni, inodzivirira masekete nemidziyo yemagetsi.Iyo haidzore mutsara kana ichibatsira mukudzivirira.

Kana paine dunhu diki kana kudonha kana kupfupika kutenderera pasi mudunhu (senge kana tambo yatyoka, uye yazvino yakakura kwazvo), RCD inongofamba kuti isapisa dunhu.Kana iyo voltage ikaerekana yawedzera kana kurova kwemheni, surge mudziviriri anogona kuchengetedza dunhu kudzivirira kuwedzera kweiyo renji.Surge mudziviriri dzimwe nguva anonzi anosunga mheni muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

(2) Musiyano pakati peSurge Protector uye Over-voltage Protector

Kunyangwe ivo vese vaine over-voltage kuchengetedza basa, iyo yekuvhiya inodzivirira inodzivirira kubva kune njodzi dzinokonzerwa neiyo yakakwira voltage uye yakakwira ikozvino inokonzerwa nemheni.Iyo overvoltage inodzivirira inodzivirira kubva kune njodzi dzinokonzerwa nemheni kana yakawandisa grid voltage.Nokudaro, iyo-over-voltage uye over-current inokonzerwa nemheni inonyanya kukuvadza kupfuura iyo inokonzerwa nemagetsi emagetsi.

RCD inodzora ikozvino chete pasina kutonga kwemagetsi.Kuwedzera mabasa ekudzivirira kwekuvhiya uye kudzivirira kwepamusoro-voltage, RCD inogona kuchengetedza yazvino uye voltage kuitira kuti idzivirire kusimuka kusingaite kusimuka kwezvino uye voltage izvo zvinokuvadza vanhu nemidziyo.